Adult CPR: How to Give CPR to an Adult

Table Of Content(s)

1. Adult CPR: How to Give CPR to an Adult
2. How to do CPR on an adult?
3. What are the early signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest in adults?
4. What are some important considerations while performing CPR on an adult?
5. Conclusion

CPR or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is a critical life saving technique that is performed when someone’s heart stops beating. CPR on an adult differs from child or infant CPR. In cases of Sudden Cardiac Arrests or SCA, every minute without CPR decreases the chances of survival by almost 7%. Mastering the dynamics of perfect adult CPR can save lives in moments of crisis. 

In this blog, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the steps of adult CPR. Along with that we will also share the early signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest and key procedures and considerations. So let’s begin!

How to do CPR on an adult?

CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) is a critical emergency procedure used to revive an adult who has stopped breathing or whose heart has stopped beating. Performing CPR correctly can significantly increase the chances of survival until professional medical help arrives. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to administer CPR to an adult:

1. Check for Responsiveness:

   • Gently tap the person and shout, “Are you okay?”
   • If unresponsive, call emergency services immediately.

2. Assess Breathing and Pulse:

   • Check for normal breathing and pulse for no more than 10 seconds.
   • If no pulse or abnormal breathing is present, begin CPR.

3. Perform Chest Compressions:

   • Place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest, between the nipples.
   • Place the other hand on top and interlock fingers.
   • Push down hard and fast, at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute, to a depth of about 2 inches.
   • Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.

4. Give Rescue Breaths:

   • After 30 compressions, open the airway using the head-tilt-chin-lift method.
   • Pinch the nose, cover the person’s mouth with yours, and give two breaths.
   • Each breath should last about 1 second and make the chest rise visibly.

5. Continue CPR:

   • Continue the cycle of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths until emergency help arrives or the person starts to show signs of recovery.

Read More: How do you perform CPR on a drowned person?

What are the early signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest in adults?

Recognizing the early signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest in adults is crucial for prompt intervention and improving the chances of survival. While cardiac arrest can occur suddenly and without warning, some early indicators may precede the event. Here are the common signs and symptoms:

• Sudden Loss of Consciousness: The person may suddenly become unresponsive and unable to wake up.
• Chest Pain or Discomfort: Severe chest pain, pressure, or discomfort may occur, often described as a squeezing or heaviness in the chest.
• Shortness of Breath: The person might experience difficulty breathing or a sensation of breathlessness.
• Rapid or Irregular Heartbeat: The person may have a racing or irregular heartbeat, which could be noticeable if the heart is beating erratically.
• Lightheadedness or Dizziness: Feelings of dizziness, weakness, or fainting might precede cardiac arrest.
• Unusual Sweating: Excessive sweating, sometimes cold and clammy, can occur, even without physical exertion.
• Nausea or Vomiting: The person may feel nauseated or vomit, which can sometimes accompany other symptoms.
• Sudden Collapse: The person may suddenly collapse or fall to the ground, often without any prior symptoms.

Read More: When To Stop Performing CPR?

What are some important considerations while performing CPR on an adult?

Performing CPR on an adult requires careful attention to several key considerations to ensure the procedure is effective and safe. Here are some important factors to keep in mind:

1. Ensure Scene Safety:

   • Verify that the environment is safe for both you and the patient before beginning CPR.

2. Check Responsiveness and Breathing:

   • Confirm the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally before starting CPR. If they are breathing normally or are responsive, CPR is not needed.

3. Correct Compression Technique:

   • Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest, between the nipples, and place the other hand on top.
   • Keep your arms straight and use your body weight to push down hard and fast, at a depth of about 2 inches (5 cm) and at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
   • Allow full chest recoil between compressions to ensure effective blood flow.

4. Proper Hand Placement:

   • Avoid placing your hands on the ribs or the xiphoid process (the lower part of the sternum) to prevent injury.

5. Effective Rescue Breaths:

   • After every 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths. Ensure each breath lasts about 1 second and causes visible chest rise.
   • Use the head-tilt-chin-lift method to open the airway and avoid overinflation.

6. Minimize Interruptions:

   • Minimize pauses between compressions to maintain blood flow and avoid interruptions in CPR.

7. Use of an AED:

   • If an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is available, apply it as soon as possible. Follow the prompts for analysis and shock delivery.

8. Monitor and Adjust:

   • Continuously assess the patient’s response and adjust CPR techniques as needed. If the patient shows signs of recovery, such as regaining consciousness or breathing, stop CPR and monitor their condition until help arrives.

9. Protect Yourself:

   • Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if available, and be mindful of hygiene practices to reduce the risk of infection.

10. Coordinate with Others:

    • If more than one rescuer is present, work together to efficiently perform CPR and use the AED.

Conclusion

In conclusion, performing CPR on an adult can have a life altering impact. Hence, it is important to be prepared and opt for recognized CPR classes. Effective CPR involves a blend of several techniques. These include swift action, and continuous evaluation, making it essential to stay calm and focused during the process. Becoming skilled in these steps will help you handle emergencies with confidence and unmatched competence.